In The Earliest Mobile Phone Systems By Contrast, All Control Was Done Manually; The Customer Would Search For An Unoccupied Channel And Speak To A Mobile Operator To Request Connection.
A battery, providing the power source for the phone functions. A modern handset typically uses a lithium-ion battery (LIB), whereas older handsets used nickel–metal hydride batteries.
A central processing unit (CPU), the processor of phones. The CPU is a microprocessor fabricated on a metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) chip.
Additionally, Short-range Wi-fi Infrastructure Is Often Used By Smartphones As Much As Possible As It Offloads Traffic From Cell Networks On To Local Area Networks.
Cell Phone Companies Will Bring A Truck With Equipment To Host The Abnormally High Traffic.Capacity Was Further Increased When Phone Companies Implemented Digital Networks.
In Order To Handle The High Traffic, Multiple Towers Can Be Set Up In The Same Area (Using Different Frequencies). This Can Be Done Permanently Or Temporarily Such As At Special Events.
Due To Bandwidth Limitations Each Cell Will Have A Maximum Number Of Cell Phones It Can Handle At Once. The Cells Are Therefore Sized Depending On The Expected Usage Density.
The Critical Advantage That Modern Cellular Networks Have Over Predecessor Systems Is The Concept Of Frequency Reuse Allowing Many Simultaneous Telephone Conversations In A Given Service Area.
Former Systems Would Cover A Service Area With One Or Two Powerful Base Stations With A Range Of Up To Tens Of Kilometres (Miles), Using Only A Few Sets Of Radio Channels Frequencies.
The Automation Systems Can Control The "Hand Off" Of A Customer Handset Moving Between One Cell And Another So That A Call In Progress Continues Without Interruption, Changing Channels If Required.
An input mechanism to allow the user to interact with the phone. These are a keypad for feature phones, and touch screens for most smartphones (typically with capacitive sensing).
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